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computing:storage:disk_partitioning [2011/12/01 13:55]
gcooper 		computing:storage:disk_partitioning [2014/05/05 23:41] (current)
gcooper
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 ====== Advanced Format (4K Sector) Drive Partitioning ====== ====== Advanced Format (4K Sector) Drive Partitioning ======
  
-This information is equally or more important for SSD's as it is for spinning hard drives.+:!: If in doubt or you just don't want to read this page, start your partition at **sector 2048** (''1MiB''). 
 + 
 +**Background**: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-on-4kb-sector-disks/ 
 + 
 +**Great info**: http://petersmithphotog.no-ip.biz/wiki/index.php/Partition_Alignment 
 + 
 +:!: This information is equally or more important for SSD's as it is for spinning hard drives.
  
 ===== Partition Alignment and 4K Sector Disk Drives ===== ===== Partition Alignment and 4K Sector Disk Drives =====
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 There may also be a label on the drive advising that it is an Advanced Format drive. There may also be a label on the drive advising that it is an Advanced Format drive.
  
-**A simple rule to go by for creating properly aligned partitions:**+**A simple rule to go by for creating properly aligned partitions on AF drives:**
  
 Verify that every partition begins on a **sector** which is a multiple of 8.  If your partitioning tool is showing **bytes**, make sure the beginning is divisible by 4096, the new Advanced Format sector size. Verify that every partition begins on a **sector** which is a multiple of 8.  If your partitioning tool is showing **bytes**, make sure the beginning is divisible by 4096, the new Advanced Format sector size.
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       * Use ''unit s'' to set older parted to sector-based       * Use ''unit s'' to set older parted to sector-based
   * Start first partition at ''1M'' to assure proper alignment   * Start first partition at ''1M'' to assure proper alignment
 +      * ''1M'' equals ''2048s'' with 512-byte blocks
       * Additional partitions will also be aligned       * Additional partitions will also be aligned
   * Using the graphical ''gparted'', be sure to clear the "Round to cylinders" check box in the Create New Partition dialog box   * Using the graphical ''gparted'', be sure to clear the "Round to cylinders" check box in the Create New Partition dialog box
  
 **''fdisk''** still uses cylinder-based alignment and does not support GPT partition tables. **''fdisk''** still uses cylinder-based alignment and does not support GPT partition tables.
 +
 +  * Newer versions of ''fdisk'' default to using ''2048s'' as the starting point
 +      * Creates aligned partitions
 +      * Same default as newer Windows
  
 ===== Partitions over 2TB ===== ===== Partitions over 2TB =====
 +
 +http://rainbow.chard.org/2013/01/30/how-to-align-partitions-for-best-performance-using-parted/
 +
 +http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c03479326&cc=us&dlc=en&lc=en
  
 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-gpt/ http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-gpt/
  
 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html
 +
 +**For RAID arrays**: http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1715375.html
  
 Install ''parted'' if it's not already installed: Install ''parted'' if it's not already installed:
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 yum install parted yum install parted
 </file> </file>
- 
  
 ==== Display Partitions ==== ==== Display Partitions ====
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 You can easily check for the correct alignment in ''parted'' by using the command You can easily check for the correct alignment in ''parted'' by using the command
  
 +<file>
 (parted) align-check opt 1 (parted) align-check opt 1
 +</file>
  
 where '1' is the number of the partition you want to check for correct alignment. where '1' is the number of the partition you want to check for correct alignment.
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 ==== Partition the Drive ==== ==== Partition the Drive ====
  
-This partitions a 'data' drive with a single large, properly aligned, primary partition:+Common filesystems: 
 + 
 +  * ''ext3'' 
 +  * ''ext4'' 
 +  * ''xfs'' 
 + 
 +''mkpart'' command syntax:
  
 <file> <file>
-parted -a optimal /dev/sdb+mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END 
 +</file> 
 + 
 +:!: Many newer partition tools make the assumption that ''2048s'' (or ''1MiB'') is a fairly safe assumption to create an aligned partition.  This is not always true, but is very common.  See here for more info: https://communities.netapp.com/message/97449 
 + 
 +This partitions a 'data' drive with a single large, properly aligned, primary partition that will have an XFS filesystem: 
 + 
 +<file> 
 +parted /dev/sdb
  
 (parted) mklabel gpt (parted) mklabel gpt
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 (parted) u s (parted) u s
  
-(parted) mkpart primary 1 -1+(parted) mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%
  
 (parted) p (parted) p
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 </file> </file>
  
-==== Create the Filesystem ====+===== Create the Filesystem =====
  
 The XFS filesystem is a good choice for very large disks. The XFS filesystem is a good choice for very large disks.
  
-This example creates an XFS filesystem labelled 'backup':+This example creates an XFS filesystem labelled 'Backup':
  
 <file> <file>
-mkfs.xfs -L backup /dev/sdb1+mkfs.xfs -L Backup /dev/sdx1
 </file> </file>
  
-==== Enable XFS on CentOS ====+==== Enable XFS on CentOS 5 ====
  
 <file> <file>
 yum --enablerepo=centosplus install kmod-xfs xfsdump xfsprogs dmapi yum --enablerepo=centosplus install kmod-xfs xfsdump xfsprogs dmapi
 +</file>
 +
 +==== Enable XFS on CentOS 6 ====
 +
 +<file>
 +yum install xfsdump xfsprogs
 </file> </file>
computing/storage/disk_partitioning.1322772942.txt.gz · Last modified: 2011/12/01 13:55 by gcooper

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